Factors affecting the conversion ratio in poultry

 Factors affecting the conversion ratio in poultry :

There are many factors that affect the feed conversion ratio of poultry, and may eventually give a bad conversion coefficient, so poultry breeders must pay attention to the following factors to obtain a good conversion coefficient. The most important factors that affect the conversion ratio in poultry are the following:

Correct nutritional balance

Poultry nutrition’s are divided into two levels (1) higher levels of macrominerals and (2) lower levels of microminerals. 

Micro minerals	Macro minerals
Copper           Cu	Calcium          Ca
Iodine              I	Phosphorus    P
Iron                 Fe	Chlorine          Cl
Manganese    Mn	Magnesium     Mg
Selenium        Se	Potassium       K
Zinc                Zn	Sodium            Na

 

Macro-minerals are usually measure as percentage of the diet, while the micro-minerals are measure as parts per million. Micro-minerals quantity should be lower than the quantity of macro-minerals, both minerals play essential role in the chicken’s metabolism.

The lack of the correct nutritional balance in the feed, such as an increase in the proportion of protein, or an increase in energy, and this may cause some problems in the liver and kidneys.
The use of feed that does not contain an adequate percentage of amino acids and protein, which affects the lack of muscle growth, and leads to the lack of meat formation in poultry properly.

Correct temperature balance
As chickens are called homeotherm, As mammals regulate their own body temperature within limits, chickens can also do same. But during their embryogenesis phase they don’t have this property. At the start of embryonic phase, chickens are poikilothermic, which means their body temperature behave like reptiles which means in the poikilotherm stage they themselves are not able to maintain that temperature temperature is lower than the appropriate degree for raising poultry, which causes bad incubation, and thus the chickens consume a large amount of feed for heating, not for forming meat.

adult chicken	newly hatched chick
105°F and 107°F	103.5°F
40.6° and 41.7°C).	(39.7°C),

 

Essential vitamins

Essential vitamins are divided into two main category (i) water soluble (ii) fat soluble they contain vitamins given below.

fat-soluble	water-soluble
Vitamin A	Vitamin C
Vitamin D	Vitamin B
Vitamin E
Vitamin K

 

Vitamin A is used for normal growth, epithelial cells and reproduction.Deficiency of vitamin A causes nutritional roup, oculi-nasal discharge, and eyelids stuck together. In some cases we find necrosis and keratinization of alimentary and respiratory tract.Vitamin A will find from Fish liver oil and all greens contain excessive amount of vitamin A.Using feeds that do not contain the necessary vitamins, nutritional supplements, and minerals, such as the absence of premixes in the feed.

Vitamin D, for proper absorption of calcium and phosphorous vitamin D3 is required in chickens, so that calcium used for normal growth and bone development also it will help in making eggshells.When sunlight hits the chickens skin Vitamin D is produced. Deficiency of vitamin D leads to rickets. Eggs shell will be thin with reduced hatchability, chick’s leg will be weak and show penguin like sitting posture. Vitamin d3 will be obtain from sun light and Fish liver oils.

Vitamin E, vitamin E increases the immunity of animals against infectious diseases as it is a powerful antioxidant. So vitamin E is important for normal neurological functions. The Deficiency of vitamin E leads to encephalomalacia chick disease, exudative diathesis, muscular dystrophy.

Vitamin B, these vitamins are very important for many metabolic functions, and they provide energy to metabolism system.

Infection of the flock
Common infection  from which poultry herd suffer from are as follow , Coli form infections, CRD, Air sac, Sinusitis, Necrotic Enteritis, Quail disease, Pullorum Disease, Fowl Typhoid, Botulism. These infections mostly attack on the respiratory system of chickens. Infection of the flock with clostridia, or coccidiosis, which does not appear clearly on poultry

In order to avoid this infection disease in herd you should properly identify sick chickens and then start their treatment. Herd should be properly vaccinated. Spry to avoid parasite control should be done properly. By practicing these essential measurements your herd will be save from these infection disease and there are less chances of lose.

 

Quality of feed
Using bad feed that contains a high percentage of barley fiber, or bran, which may cause the herd to suffer from diarrhea.
Using poor-quality feed that contains a high percentage of fungi, which leads to a decrease in the immunity of the herd, and they suffer from diseases of the liver, kidneys, and intestines.

Medical treatment

Wrong medical treatment of the herd using antibiotics and this affects the natural flora in the stomach and causes an imbalance in it, causing intestinal diseases. If the medical treatment of the herd is given on time then the losses from infection disease can be controlled. On the other hand bio-security practices should be followed in the herd, i.e no one (person or animals) should be allow to visit the herd during first 40 days. Domestic animals should be banned as these animals transmit infectious diseases.

Water tubs and feeders should cleaned and disinfect on daily basis. Feed of chick should be store in container so feed doesn’t exposed with sun light.

 Use feed as soon as possible and do not store more than a week. Doctor should be advised to strictly follow the above precautions so that there is less chance of losse.

 

Drinking water;Using unclean water for drinking, or hard water, and not changing it on a daily basis, which will cause disease in the herd. So the drinking water should be chance daily and the water pot should be disinfect after 2 or 3 days

Factor effecting for weight lose

Not using a sufficient number of feeders, which causes the feed to not reach some poultry well, and thus leads to a loss of weight.
Not using high-energy feed, especially in winter, causes chickens to lose weight, and that takes a lot of energy for heating, rather than building muscle.
Use bad feed, and it contains difficult to digest materials, and thus causes intestinal problems, which leads to weight loss.